英国医疗保健概述

The National Health Services (NHS) in the United Kingdom provides universal healthcare free of charge at the point of delivery for all residents.

英国的四个国家都是英格兰, 苏格兰, Wales and Northern Ireland – sets their own national health policy and each operates a separate tax-funded NHS to deliver healthcare services at a local level. More than 80% of the UK population lives in England and the English NHS is the largest health service.

卫生署 & Social Care is responsible for setting health policy in England and funds NHS England to manage and deliver healthcare services. 80% of that funding is sourced from general taxation and 20% from national insurance (a payroll tax paid by employees and employers).

NHS England was formally established in 1948 and is based on the philosophy of “healthcare to be provided based on need rather than the ability to pay”.  The NHS has historically outsourced services to the private sector for dentistry, 眼部护理, 药房和全科医生的做法往往是私人合伙.

The national government owns the public hospitals and organisational units, serving either a geographical area or specialised function (like the ambulance service), 叫做NHS信托. 在任何特定位置, there may be several NHS Trusts involved in providing different aspects of care to the local population.

自2006年1月起, patients requiring referral to secondary care have been entitled to a choice of four or five providers and from April 2008, that choice was extended to any eligible NHS or private provider in England.[1] 

The 国王基金 reports that following the Health and Social Care Act of 2012, which extended market-based principles and introduced more competition to the NHS, 授予私人供应商的合同数量有所增加. 尽管合同数量有所上升, 特别是在COVID-19大流行之后, the proportion of the NHS funds spent on private providers has remained largely unchanged since 2012 at approximately 7%[2].

It is important to note that the competition and market-based approaches introduced by the 2012 Act were removed by the Health and Social Care Act 2022. This change enabled commissioners to reduce the frequency of clinical services being put to tender by allowing contracts to roll over, especially if the existing provider is meeting an acceptable service level. 

医疗资金

In July 2022, NHS England introduced a new structure to manage the delivery of healthcare.

之前计划的191个临床调试组, commissioned and paid for hospital and community care in their areas, 减少到42个综合护理系统(ICS). 每个ICS代表500个人口,000-3 million and is allocated a budget by the NHS to commission services for primary care (GP), 医院服务, social care and community services that meet the needs of their population.

The objective of the new NHS structure is to better integrate public health services vertically, 为患者提供结构化的护理途径.

NHS healthcare expenditure is fairly evenly allocated between outpatient services (approx. (2019年为31%)，涵盖初级保健(全科医生), 诊断和日常病例程序, 医院住院服务(29%). 

Each ICS has an Integrated Care Board (ICB) which determines how the healthcare budget will be spent in its district and how many contracts will be awarded to private healthcare providers. All ICBs refer patients to both public and private providers and the proportion varies between districts. 

All providers are paid at the same fixed national tariff set by NHS England. All hospital services are funded on a fee-for-service model calculated by healthcare resource group.

在NHS选择框架下, patients are able to choose their healthcare provider (public or private) to receive free healthcare, as long as their chosen provider has a contract with the NHS (via their local ICB) for the services they require.

The uptake of private health insurance in England is low (<10% of the population) and usually employer funded. 

心理健康

英国的心理健康服务由国民保健服务信托基金提供, 慈善机构, 非营利组织和私人公司. The private sector market share has grown over the past decade from 27% to 33%.

All of 极乐世界医疗 services are fully funded by the NHS and local authorities. 所有在极乐空间工作的临床医生都被雇佣了, 包括咨询师(精神科医生), 心理健康护士, 社会工作者, 职业治疗师, 艺术治疗师, 医疗助理, 和心理学家. This differentiates Elysium from the majority of competitors and is viewed positively by referrers and the NHS.

[1] 2010年6月. Appleby, J, Robertson, R, Burge, P等.  患者选择:患者如何选择和提供者如何回应. 国王基金  http://www.kingsfund.org.英国/出版/患者的选择

^[2] 2022年8月. Wickens C. 英格兰的卫生和社会保健:打破神话 国王基金 http://www.kingsfund.org.英国/出版/ health-and-social-care-england-myths

免责声明

The information in the ‘全国网赌正规平台的市场’ section of the Ramsay Group’s website is based on information obtained from external sources and is current as at 16 February 2023. Ramsay has not independently verified the information presented in this section. 这些信息是摘要形式的，并不一定是完整的.

Ramsay will not be liable for the correctness and/or accuracy of the information, 并且不承担更新信息的义务.  

The information is not investment or financial product advice and should not be relied upon in making investment decisions. 在做投资决定之前, 你应该寻求适当的财务建议, 这可能会考虑到你的特殊投资需求, 目标及财务状况.